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|commands= |battles= World War II * Mediterranean theatre * Battle of Crete * Syrian campaign * First Battle of Sirte * South West Pacific theatre * Philippines campaign * Battle of Tarakan * Aitape–Wewak campaign * Battle of Brunei * Battle of Balikpapan |awards= |laterwork=Australian Secretary to HM Queen Elizabeth II (1963–69) }} Vice Admiral Sir Roy Russell Dowling, (28 May 1901 – 15 April 1969) was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). He served as Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), the RAN's highest-ranking position, from 1955 until 1959, and as Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC), forerunner of the role of Australia's Chief of the Defence Force, from 1959 until 1961. Born in northern New South Wales, Dowling entered the Royal Australian Naval College in 1915. After graduating in 1919 he went to sea aboard various Royal Navy and RAN vessels, and later specialised in gunnery. In 1937, he was given command of the sloop . Following the outbreak of World War II, he saw action in the Mediterranean theatre as executive officer of the Royal Navy cruiser , and survived her sinking by a German U-boat in March 1942. Returning to Australia, he served as Director of Plans and later Deputy Chief of Naval Staff before taking command of the light cruiser in November 1944. His achievements in the South West Pacific earned him the Distinguished Service Order. Dowling took command of the RAN's first aircraft carrier, , in 1948. He became Chief of Naval Personnel in 1950, and Flag Officer Commanding HM Australian Fleet in 1953. Soon after taking up the position of CNS in February 1955, he was promoted to vice admiral and appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath. As CNS he had to deal with shortages of money, manpower and equipment, and with the increasing role of the United States in Australia's defence planning, at the expense of traditional ties with Britain. Knighted in 1957, Dowling was Chairman of COSC from March 1959 until May 1961, when he retired from the military. In 1963 he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order and became Australian Secretary to HM Queen Elizabeth II, serving until his death in 1969. ==Pre-war career== Roy Russell Dowling was born on 28 May 1901 in Condong, a township on the Tweed River in northern New South Wales. His parents were sugar cane inspector Russell Dowling and his wife Lily. The youth entered the Royal Australian Naval College (RANC) at Jervis Bay, Federal Capital Territory, in 1915. An underachiever academically, he excelled at sports, and became chief cadet captain before graduating in 1918 with the King's Medal, awarded for "gentlemanly bearing, character, good influence among his fellows and officer-like qualities".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dowling, Sir Roy Russell )〕〔Eldridge, ''A History of the Royal Australian Naval College'', pp. 79–80〕 The following year he was posted to Britain as a midshipman, undergoing training with the Royal Navy and seeing service on and .〔Dennis et al., ''Oxford Companion to Australian Military History'', p. 188〕 By January 1923 he was back in Australia, serving aboard the cruiser . He was promoted to lieutenant in March. In April 1924, ''Adelaide'' joined the Royal Navy's Special Service Squadron on its worldwide cruise, taking in New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Panama, and the West Indies, before docking in September at Portsmouth, England. There Dowling left the ship for his next appointment, training as a gunnery officer and serving in that capacity at .〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HMAS Adelaide (I) )〕 After his return to Australia in December 1926, Dowling spent eighteen months on and , where he continued to specialise in gunnery. In July 1928, he took on an instructional role at the gunnery school in Flinders Naval Depot on Western Port Bay, Victoria. He married Jessie Blanch in Melbourne on 8 May 1930; the couple had two sons and three daughters.〔〔Legge, ''Who's Who in Australia 1968'', p. 261〕 Jessie accompanied him on his next posting to Britain commencing in January 1931. He was promoted to lieutenant commander on 15 March, and was appointed gunnery officer on the light cruiser in May. Dowling returned to Australia in January 1933, and was appointed squadron gunnery officer aboard the heavy cruiser that April.〔〔 The ship operated mainly within Australian waters over the next two years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HMAS Canberra (I) )〕 In July 1935, Dowling took charge of the gunnery school at Flinders Naval Depot. He was promoted to commander on 31 December 1936.〔〔 The following month, he assumed command of the newly commissioned ''Grimsby''-class sloop , carrying out duties in the South West Pacific.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HMAS Swan (II) )〕 Completing his tenure on ''Swan'' in January 1939, he was briefly assigned to the Navy Office, Melbourne, before returning to Britain in March for duty at HMS ''Pembroke'', where he awaited posting aboard the yet-to-be-commissioned anti-aircraft cruiser, .〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roy Dowling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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